As US doctrine evolves, the question arises over the future of nuclear deterrence to protect Europe. Strengthening of French and British capability is necessary, whilst at the same time trying to maintain a strong transatlantic link in order to avoid a risk of proliferation by countries deprived of US protection.

Global South might be seen as the extension of third-world and non-aligned concepts. Today, though, there is a mistrust among countries which follow this approach regarding military alliances. They can be too constraining: countries generally prefer bilateral or opportunistic relationships.

Climate change is having direct consequences: natural disasters and security threats. It is a fact that armed forces often have to intervene whilst respecting the new demands of public opinion regarding protection of the environment. NATO has to take this change into account in its mission planning.